Perencanaan Strategis Pariwisata Budaya: Mekanisme Menuju Pariwisata Berkelanjutan
Abstract
There is a consensus among tourism stakeholders in a destination that strategic planning is vital to guide them in designing and implementing tourism programs. Literature has also described the significance of strategic planning in achieving the goal of tourism development of an organization or institution. However, little explanation is available on the link between strategic planning and sustainable cultural tourism. This paper is a critical review of literature focusing at the significance and mechanism of strategic planning for sustainable cultural tourism. Sustainability is the most familiar approach used and mentioned in strategic plans. It is a desirable goal of tourism planners and stakeholders and thus, its principles are used as driver in designing strategic planning. This paper suggests that strategic plan should be used as a guide rather than just an official document. Cultural tourism requires careful management and thus, it is necessary to create strategic planning on the basis of sustainable principles.References
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Wang, N. 1999. Rethinking Authenticity In Tourism Experience. Annals of Tourism Research. Vol. 26 No. 2 1999 Hal. 349-370.
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Bryson, J. M. 2011. Strategic Planning For Public And Nonprofit Organization: A Guide To Strengthening And Sustaining Organizational Achievement. John Wiley & Son, New York.
Chhabra, D., Healy, R., Sills, E.. 2003. Staged Authenticity And Heritage Tourism. Annals of Tourism Research. Vol. 30 No. 3 2003 Hal. 702-719.
Cole, S.. 2007. Beyond Authenticity And Commodification. Annals Of Tourism Research. Vol. 34 No. 4 2007 Hal. 943-960.
Elcock, H.. 2008. Regional Futures And Strategic Planning. Regional & Federal Studies. Vol. 18 No. 1 2008 Hal. 77-92.
Fernandes, C. 2013. The Impacts Of Cultural Tourism On Host Communities dalam Raj, R., Griffin, K., Morpeth, N.. editor. Cultural Tourism. CAB International, Boston. Hal 26-38.
Forster, J., Browne, M. 1996. Principles Of Strategic Management. Macmillan Education, Melbourne.
Goodstein, L. D., Nolan, T.M., Pfeiffer, J.W. 1993. Applied Strategic Planning: A Comprehensive Guide. McGraw-Hill, New York.
Goulding, C. 1998. The Commodification Of The Past, Postmodern Pastiche, And The Search For Authentic Experiences At Contemporary Heritage Attractions. European Journal of Marketing. Vol. 34 No. 7 1998 Hal. 835-853.
Gunn, C. A., Var, T. 2002. Tourism Planning: Basics, Concepts, Cases. Routledge, New York.
Hall, C. M. 1998. Tourism Development, Dimensions And Issues, Edisi Ketiga. Addison Wesley Longman, South Melbourne.
Hanlan, J., Fuller, D., Wilde, S. 2006. Destination Decision Making: The Need For A Strategic Planning And Management Approach. Tourism And Hospitality Planning & Development. Vol. 3 No. 3. 2006 Hal. 209-221.
Heath, E., Wall, G. 1991. Marketing Tourism Destinations: A Strategic Planning Approach. John Wiley & Sons, New York.
Houben, G., Lenie, K., Vanhoof, K. 1999. A Knowledge-Based Swot Analysis System As An Instrument For Strategic Planning In Small And Medium Sized Enterprises. Decision Support Systems. Vol. 26 1999 Hal 125-135.
Inskeep, E. 1991. Tourism Planning: An Integrated And Sustainable Development Approach. Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York.
Ivanovic, M. 2008. Cultural Tourism. JUTA, Cape Town.
Jamal, T. B., Getz, D. 1996. Does Strategic Planning Pay? Lessons For Destinations From Corporate Planning Experience. Progress In Tourism And Hospitality Research. Vol. 2 1996 Hal. 59-78.
Krippendorf, J. 1982. Towards New Tourism Policies: The Importance Of Environmental And Social Factors. Tourism Management. Vol. 3 No. 3 1982 Hal. 135-148.
Locke, M. 2012. Strategic planning and management in the MICE sector - a case study of the Auckland region. Disertasi, Universitas Waikato, NewZealand.
McKercher, B. 2002. Towards A Classification Of Cultural Tourists. The International Journal of Tourism Research. Vol. 4 2002 Hal. 29-38.
McKercher, B., Du Cros, H. 2002. Cultural Tourism: The Partnership Between Tourism And Cultural Heritage Management. Haworth Hospitality Press, New York.
Ritchie, J. R. B., Crouch, G. I. 2000. The Competitive Destination: A Sustainability Perspective. Tourism Management. Vol. 21 No. 3 2000 Hal. 273-282.
Ruhanen, L. 2004. Strategic Planning For Local Tourism Destinations: An Analysis Of Tourism Plans. Tourism And Hospitality Planning & Development. Vol. 1 No. 3 2004 Hal. 239-253.
Ruhanen, L. 2010. Where’s The Strategy In Tourism Strategic Planning? Implications For Sustainable Tourism Destination Planning. Journal Of Travel And Tourism Research. Spring/Fall 2000.
Sharpley, R. 2000. Tourism And Sustainable Development: Exploring The Theoretical Divide. Journal Of Sustainable Tourism. Vol 8 2000 Hal. 1-19.
Simpson, K. 2001. Strategic Planning And Community Involvement As Contributors To Sustainable Tourism Development. Current Issues In Tourism. Vol. 4 No. 1 2001 Hal. 3-41.
Soteriou, E. C. and Coccossis, H. 2010. Integrating Sustainability Into The Strategic Planning Of National Tourism Organizations. Journal Of Travel Research. Vol. 49 No. 2 2010 Hal. 191–205.
Steiner, G. A. 1979. Strategic Planning: What Every Manager Must Know, A Step By Step Guide. The Free Press, New York.
Stylianou-Lambert, T. 2011. Gazing From Home: Cultural Tourism And Art Museums. Annals Of Tourism Research. Vol. 38 No. 2 2011 Hal. 403-421.
Swarbrooke, J. 1996. Towards The Development Of Sustainable Rural Tourism In Eastern Europe. Journal Of Sustainable Tourism. Vol. 4 1996 Hal. 58-65.
Timothy, D. J. 2011. Cultural Heritage And Tourism: An Introduction. Channel View Publications, New York.
Timothy, D. J., Nyaupane, G. P. 2009. Protecting The Past: Challenges And Opportunities. Dalam Timothy D. J., Nyaupane, G. P. editor. Cultural Heritage And Tourism In The Developing World: A Regional Perspective. Routledge, London Hal. 20-41.
Wang, N. 1999. Rethinking Authenticity In Tourism Experience. Annals of Tourism Research. Vol. 26 No. 2 1999 Hal. 349-370.
World Commission on Environment and Development (WCED), 1987. Our Common Future. Oxford University Press, London.
Published
2014-03-01
How to Cite
.
Perencanaan Strategis Pariwisata Budaya: Mekanisme Menuju Pariwisata Berkelanjutan.
Jurnal Ilmiah Pariwisata, [S.l.], v. 19, n. 1, p. 13 - 26, mar. 2014.
ISSN 2599-0209.
Available at: <https://jurnalpariwisata.iptrisakti.ac.id/index.php/JIP/article/view/20>. Date accessed: 24 nov. 2024.
Issue
Section
Article
Keywords
Strategic planning, Cultural tourism, Sustainability, Sustainable tourism
Pusat Penelitian dan Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat 
