The Roles of Government as Stakeholder in Developing Destination in Surabaya, Indonesia
Abstract
Tourism is a fast growing industry around the globe, including in Indonesia. Report published by UNWTO in 2015, shows that the industry contributes 9 percent of the world GDP. Recently, Indonesia is taking more serious action in developing tourism industry in the country. Tourism has been set up as the biggest money spinner for Indonesian foreign revenue in the future. The goal of the Indonesian government is to achieve more than 20 million foreign tourists by 2019. Many Indonesian cities transform themselves to be a place of doing business as well as a place to visit. As the second biggest city in Indonesia, Surabaya plays important role as the hub of development for eastern part of the country. Surabaya has grown from manufacture based city into service and trade city. Tourism destination development becomes one of the important issues in Surabaya. Since
2005, the use of city branding “Sparkling Surabaya”, has made the city become one of tourist destinations in East Java region. Destination development needs constant and effective support by the stakeholders. The local government has an important role in destination development. This study aims to identify the role of the government in the process of developing the destination in Surabaya. This study is done qualitatively by using in depth interview with the executives body that represented by Surabaya Tourism Office, as the primary data. The strategy and the action plan of the government are also explored in the study. The result shows that Surabaya government has an important role in destination development; by working closely with other stakeholders, such as private business and local community. This study can be used by the government as the reflection of their strategy in developing the destination. Moreover, all of the executives of Surabaya government need to have the same objectives and perspective in developing Surabaya as tourist destination in Indonesia.References
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Berg, B. L. (2004). Qualitative research methods for the social sciences (5th ed.). Boston: Pearson.
Bonnett, J. (1982). Implications of Marketing and Promotion for the Development of Tourism. Tourism Management, 3(4),242-7.
Borgati, S. P., & Foster, P. C. (2003). The Network Paradigm in Organizational Research: A Review and Typology. Journal of Management, 29(6): 991–1013.
Bowie, N. E. (1988). The Moral Obligations of Multinational Corporations’. In S. Luper-Foy (Ed.), Problems of International Justice (pp. 97–113). Boulder, CO: Westview Press.
Burns, P. (1999). Paradoxes in Planning: Tourism Elitism or Brutalism? . Annals of Tourism Research, 26(2), 329-48.
Butler, R. W. (1990). The resort cycle revisited – A decade of discussion. Association of American Geographers Conference. Toronto.
Carlsen, J. (1999). A Systems Approach to Island Tourism Destination Management. Systems Research and Behavioral Science, 16(4),321-8.
Caroll, A. (1993). Business and Society: Ethics and Stakeholder Management (2nd ed.). Cincinnati, O.H: South West Publishing.
Carter, R., & Beeton, R.J.S. (2004). A Model of Cultural Change and Tourism. Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, 9 (4), 423-42.
Cooper, C., Scott, N, & Baggio, R. (2009). Network Position and Perceptions of Destination Stakeholder Importance. Anatolia, 20(1): 33–45.
Craik, J. (1991). Resorting to Tourism: Cultural Policies for Tourist Development in Australia. Sydney: Allen & Unwin.
Dabphet, S. (2013). The Key Stakeholders in the Implementation of Sustainable Tourism Development in Two Rural Town of Thailand. Retrieved August 30, 2016, from http://www.ijbts-journal.com/images/main_1366796758/0029-Siripen.pdf
Dill, W. R. (1975). Public participation in corporate planning - Strategic management in a Kibitzer's World. Long Range Planning, 8(1), 57-63.
Donaldson, T., & Preston, L. E. (1995). The stakeholder theory of the corporation: Concepts, evidence and implications. Academy of Management Review, 20(1), 65-91.
Farrell, B., & McClellan, R. (1987). Tourism and Physical Environment Research. Annals of Tourism Research, 14.1-16.
Freeman, R. E. (1984). Strategic management: A stakeholder approach. Boston: Pitman.
Freeman, R., & Reed, D. (1983). Stockholders and stakeholders: A new perspective on corporate governance. California Management Review, 25, 88-106.
Friedman, M. (1962). Capitalism and Freedom. Chicago, IL: The University of Chicago Press.
Garbea, R.V (2013). Urban Tourism Between Content and Aspiration for Urban Development. Journal Management &Marketing, 9 (1).
Grabher, G.(2006).Trading routes, by passes, and risky intersection: Mapping the travels of "networks" between economic sociology and economic geography. Progress in Human Geography, 30(2), 163-189.
Gray, B., and T. M. Hay 1986 Political Limits to Interorganizational Consensus and Change.Journal of Applied Behavioral Science, 22:95-112.
Hall, C. (1991). Introduction to Tourism in Australia: Impacts, Planning and Development. Melbourne, VIC: Longman Cheshire Pty Ltd.
Hall, C. (1997). Introduction: Issues in Tourism Planning and Policy. In C. M. Hall, J. Jenkins, & G. Kearsley (Eds.), Tourism Planning and Policy in Australia and New Zealand: Cases, Issues and Practice (pp. 16-36). Roseville NSW: McGraw-Hill.
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Indonesian Statistic Bureau. (2015). Number of International visitor 2015. Jakarta: BPS.
Johnson, D. (2000). Sales and Marketing in the Tourism Industry. Sydney: McGraw-Hill Companies.
King, Brian, & Hyde, G. (1989). Tourism Marketing in Australia. Melbourne: Hospitality Press.
Kotler, P., Bowen, J, & Makens, J. (1999). Marketing for Hospitality and Tourism (2nd ed.). New Jersey: Prentice-Hall.
Levitt, T. (1965). Exploit the Product Life Cycle. Harvard Business Review, 43, 81–94.
Nogueira, S., & Pinho,J.C. (2015). Stakeholder Network Integrated Analysis: The Specific Case of Rural Tourism in the Portuguese Peneda-Geres National Park. International Journal of Tourism Research, 17, 325-336.
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Oh, H. K., B-Y, & Shin, J-H. (2004). Hospitality and Tourism Marketing: Recent Developments in Research and Future Directions. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 23(5), 425-47.
Pearce, P. (1989). Fundamentals of tourist motivation. In D. Pearce, & R.W.Butler (Eds.), Tourism research: Critiques and challenges (pp. 113-134). London: Routledge.
Puspita, L. (2008). Transformasi Identitas Kota Surabaya dalam Sparkling Surabaya sebagai Branding Kota, (Unpublished master thesis). Universitas Airlangga Surabaya.
Ruhanen, L. (2006). Moving beyond the theory: Stakeholder perspectives of sustainable tourism. Paper presented at the Cutting Edge Research in Tourism - New Directions, Challenges and Applications.
Saiegh, M.S. (2005). The Role of Legislatures in the Policymaking Process. Paper presented in Workshop on State Reform, Public Policies and Policymaking Processes, Inter-American Development Bank, Washington D.C., Feb. 28-Mar.
Stankey, G., & McCool, S.F. (1989). Beyond Social Carrying Capacity. In L. J. E, & T, L Burton (Eds.), Understanding Leisure and Recreation: Mapping the Past, Charting the Future (pp. 497-516). State College, PA: Venture Publishing.
Starik, M. (1994). Reflections on stakeholder theory. Bus Soc, 33(1), 82–131.
SurabayaTourism Office (2015), Tourism Annual Report, Surabaya .
Surabaya Tourism Statistic. (2015). Retrieved March 12, 2016, from Surabaya.bps.go.id.
Swarbrooke, J. (2001). Sustainable tourism management (2nd ed.). London: CAB International.
Timur, S., & Getz, D. (2008). A Network Perspective on Managing Stakeholders for Sustainable Urban Tourism. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 20(4), 445–461.
UNWTO. (2014). UNWTO Annual Report. Retrieved from http://dtxtq4w60xqpw.cloudfront.net/sites/all/files/pdf/unwto_annual_report_2014.pdf
Walker, R., & Enjeti, M.K. (1998). Dynamics of Marketing a Tourism Destination: The Tasmanian Experience. In H. L. C, P,G Patterson , & R,H Walker (Eds.), Services Marketing: Australia and New Zealand (pp. 530-553). Sydney: Prentice Hall.
Williams, P., & Gill, A. (1999). A Workable Alternative to the Concept of Carrying Capacity: Growth Management Planning. In V. Singh, & S. Singh (Eds.), A Workable Alternative to the Concept of Carrying Capacity: Growth Management Planning (pp. 51-64). New York: Cognizant Communication Corporation
Berg, B. L. (2004). Qualitative research methods for the social sciences (5th ed.). Boston: Pearson.
Bonnett, J. (1982). Implications of Marketing and Promotion for the Development of Tourism. Tourism Management, 3(4),242-7.
Borgati, S. P., & Foster, P. C. (2003). The Network Paradigm in Organizational Research: A Review and Typology. Journal of Management, 29(6): 991–1013.
Bowie, N. E. (1988). The Moral Obligations of Multinational Corporations’. In S. Luper-Foy (Ed.), Problems of International Justice (pp. 97–113). Boulder, CO: Westview Press.
Burns, P. (1999). Paradoxes in Planning: Tourism Elitism or Brutalism? . Annals of Tourism Research, 26(2), 329-48.
Butler, R. W. (1990). The resort cycle revisited – A decade of discussion. Association of American Geographers Conference. Toronto.
Carlsen, J. (1999). A Systems Approach to Island Tourism Destination Management. Systems Research and Behavioral Science, 16(4),321-8.
Caroll, A. (1993). Business and Society: Ethics and Stakeholder Management (2nd ed.). Cincinnati, O.H: South West Publishing.
Carter, R., & Beeton, R.J.S. (2004). A Model of Cultural Change and Tourism. Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, 9 (4), 423-42.
Cooper, C., Scott, N, & Baggio, R. (2009). Network Position and Perceptions of Destination Stakeholder Importance. Anatolia, 20(1): 33–45.
Craik, J. (1991). Resorting to Tourism: Cultural Policies for Tourist Development in Australia. Sydney: Allen & Unwin.
Dabphet, S. (2013). The Key Stakeholders in the Implementation of Sustainable Tourism Development in Two Rural Town of Thailand. Retrieved August 30, 2016, from http://www.ijbts-journal.com/images/main_1366796758/0029-Siripen.pdf
Dill, W. R. (1975). Public participation in corporate planning - Strategic management in a Kibitzer's World. Long Range Planning, 8(1), 57-63.
Donaldson, T., & Preston, L. E. (1995). The stakeholder theory of the corporation: Concepts, evidence and implications. Academy of Management Review, 20(1), 65-91.
Farrell, B., & McClellan, R. (1987). Tourism and Physical Environment Research. Annals of Tourism Research, 14.1-16.
Freeman, R. E. (1984). Strategic management: A stakeholder approach. Boston: Pitman.
Freeman, R., & Reed, D. (1983). Stockholders and stakeholders: A new perspective on corporate governance. California Management Review, 25, 88-106.
Friedman, M. (1962). Capitalism and Freedom. Chicago, IL: The University of Chicago Press.
Garbea, R.V (2013). Urban Tourism Between Content and Aspiration for Urban Development. Journal Management &Marketing, 9 (1).
Grabher, G.(2006).Trading routes, by passes, and risky intersection: Mapping the travels of "networks" between economic sociology and economic geography. Progress in Human Geography, 30(2), 163-189.
Gray, B., and T. M. Hay 1986 Political Limits to Interorganizational Consensus and Change.Journal of Applied Behavioral Science, 22:95-112.
Hall, C. (1991). Introduction to Tourism in Australia: Impacts, Planning and Development. Melbourne, VIC: Longman Cheshire Pty Ltd.
Hall, C. (1997). Introduction: Issues in Tourism Planning and Policy. In C. M. Hall, J. Jenkins, & G. Kearsley (Eds.), Tourism Planning and Policy in Australia and New Zealand: Cases, Issues and Practice (pp. 16-36). Roseville NSW: McGraw-Hill.
Handinoto.(1996). Perkembangan Kota danArsitektureKolonialBelanda di Surabaya 1870-1940. Yogyakarta: UK Petra danAndi.
Indonesian Statistic Bureau. (2015). Number of International visitor 2015. Jakarta: BPS.
Johnson, D. (2000). Sales and Marketing in the Tourism Industry. Sydney: McGraw-Hill Companies.
King, Brian, & Hyde, G. (1989). Tourism Marketing in Australia. Melbourne: Hospitality Press.
Kotler, P., Bowen, J, & Makens, J. (1999). Marketing for Hospitality and Tourism (2nd ed.). New Jersey: Prentice-Hall.
Levitt, T. (1965). Exploit the Product Life Cycle. Harvard Business Review, 43, 81–94.
Nogueira, S., & Pinho,J.C. (2015). Stakeholder Network Integrated Analysis: The Specific Case of Rural Tourism in the Portuguese Peneda-Geres National Park. International Journal of Tourism Research, 17, 325-336.
O’Donnell, A., Gilmore, A, Cummings, D, & Carson, D. (2001). The Network Construct in Entrepreneurship Research: A Review and Critique. Management Decision 39(9): 749–760. The Network Construct in Entrepreneurship Research: A Review and Critique. Management Decision 39(9): 749–760, The Network Construct in Entrepreneurship Research: A Review and Critique. Management Decision 39(9): 749–760.
Oh, H. K., B-Y, & Shin, J-H. (2004). Hospitality and Tourism Marketing: Recent Developments in Research and Future Directions. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 23(5), 425-47.
Pearce, P. (1989). Fundamentals of tourist motivation. In D. Pearce, & R.W.Butler (Eds.), Tourism research: Critiques and challenges (pp. 113-134). London: Routledge.
Puspita, L. (2008). Transformasi Identitas Kota Surabaya dalam Sparkling Surabaya sebagai Branding Kota, (Unpublished master thesis). Universitas Airlangga Surabaya.
Ruhanen, L. (2006). Moving beyond the theory: Stakeholder perspectives of sustainable tourism. Paper presented at the Cutting Edge Research in Tourism - New Directions, Challenges and Applications.
Saiegh, M.S. (2005). The Role of Legislatures in the Policymaking Process. Paper presented in Workshop on State Reform, Public Policies and Policymaking Processes, Inter-American Development Bank, Washington D.C., Feb. 28-Mar.
Stankey, G., & McCool, S.F. (1989). Beyond Social Carrying Capacity. In L. J. E, & T, L Burton (Eds.), Understanding Leisure and Recreation: Mapping the Past, Charting the Future (pp. 497-516). State College, PA: Venture Publishing.
Starik, M. (1994). Reflections on stakeholder theory. Bus Soc, 33(1), 82–131.
SurabayaTourism Office (2015), Tourism Annual Report, Surabaya .
Surabaya Tourism Statistic. (2015). Retrieved March 12, 2016, from Surabaya.bps.go.id.
Swarbrooke, J. (2001). Sustainable tourism management (2nd ed.). London: CAB International.
Timur, S., & Getz, D. (2008). A Network Perspective on Managing Stakeholders for Sustainable Urban Tourism. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 20(4), 445–461.
UNWTO. (2014). UNWTO Annual Report. Retrieved from http://dtxtq4w60xqpw.cloudfront.net/sites/all/files/pdf/unwto_annual_report_2014.pdf
Walker, R., & Enjeti, M.K. (1998). Dynamics of Marketing a Tourism Destination: The Tasmanian Experience. In H. L. C, P,G Patterson , & R,H Walker (Eds.), Services Marketing: Australia and New Zealand (pp. 530-553). Sydney: Prentice Hall.
Williams, P., & Gill, A. (1999). A Workable Alternative to the Concept of Carrying Capacity: Growth Management Planning. In V. Singh, & S. Singh (Eds.), A Workable Alternative to the Concept of Carrying Capacity: Growth Management Planning (pp. 51-64). New York: Cognizant Communication Corporation
Published
2017-06-22
How to Cite
.
The Roles of Government as Stakeholder in Developing Destination in Surabaya, Indonesia.
Jurnal Ilmiah Pariwisata, [S.l.], v. 21, n. 3, p. 159-173, june 2017.
ISSN 2599-0209.
Available at: <https://jurnalpariwisata.iptrisakti.ac.id/index.php/JIP/article/view/768>. Date accessed: 27 nov. 2024.
Issue
Section
Review
Keywords
Surabaya, Government, Roles, Destination, Development
Pusat Penelitian dan Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat 
